Liquid Paraffin (Paraffinum Liquidum / Mineral Oil)

What is paraffin oil and what does it do?

Paraffin oil is a colourless, odourless and stable mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by distilling crude oil and then refining it extensively. The grade used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries is of pharmaceutical or cosmetic purity, freed of components that could be harmful.

It forms an occlusive (sealing) layer on the skin. This layer slows the evaporation of water from the skin surface, reducing dryness and protecting the skin barrier. Because it does not go off, sting or cause allergies, it has been used for decades in products for sensitive skin and babies.

Which products contain it?

• Moisturising and barrier creams, hand creams
• Baby oils and nappy rash creams
• Make-up removing oils and cold creams
• Lip balms, lipsticks and some hair products

Is it harmful? The scientific assessment

Independent assessments have found the application of cosmetic-grade mineral oils to the skin to be safe. Its molecules do not penetrate deeper than the upper layer of the skin; irritation and allergy are extremely rare. That is why dermatologists often recommend products containing paraffin for eczema and very dry skin.

The claim that “mineral oil is carcinogenic” relates to unrefined or mildly refined industrial mineral oils. The IARC has classified such oils as carcinogenic; however, this classification does not cover the highly refined oils used in cosmetics and medicines. The refining process aims to remove the aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) that pose a risk.

Mineral oil residues in food are on EFSA's agenda; in cosmetics, this issue matters mainly for lip products that can be swallowed. The European cosmetics industry recommends minimising the aromatic hydrocarbon content in these products.

The claim that it “clogs pores” is largely exaggerated: cosmetic-grade paraffin oil is generally not considered comedogenic. Even so, very rich and heavy creams can feel uncomfortable on acne-prone skin.

Who should be careful?

• People with very acne-prone or oily skin: They may prefer light, oil-free formulas.
• People who use latex condoms: Products containing mineral oil can weaken latex; they should not be used as lubricants.
• Young children: Accidentally swallowing liquid mineral oils such as baby oil and inhaling them into the lungs is dangerous; keep these products out of children's reach.

What to do when you see it on a label

If you have dry, sensitive or eczema-prone skin, products containing paraffin oil are an effective and well-tolerated option. If you prefer plant oils, be aware that this is a personal choice; plant oils can go off more easily and some can cause allergies. Products containing dimethicone or ceramides can also provide a similar protective effect.